Feral Jundi

Tuesday, July 26, 2011

Maritime Security: The Gulf Of Guinea And Piracy

Filed under: Gulf Of Guinea,Maritime Security — Tags: , , — Matt @ 9:53 PM

Washington estimates the Gulf of Guinea will supply about a quarter of U.S. oil by 2015 and has sent military trainers to the region to help local navies secure shipping.

That quote up top is all you really need to know, when looking at how serious of a problem piracy could be for the world and for the US in the Gulf of Guinea. For that reason, I will start to focus more on that region, just because I have a hunch that we will see an increase in piracy there.

The thing is that these guys are learning from other successful models of piracy operation, and soon they too will achieve the same kind of success as the Somali pirates. Hell, I could imagine some Somali’s attempting to make an entry into that hunting territory. Although I am sure they will be edged out by equally aggressive criminals and investors. –Matt

Edit: I just came across this latest post by Tracking Energy Attacks.  This is a great website and they are using Ushahidi to map all of these energy related attacks around the world. The author also expressed concern about this region, and here is a clip from the post:

I’m a little more interested in the developments in the Gulf of Guinea where based on my count there have been 24 reported successful attacks with the bulk of them coming off of the coast of Benin. Less than 10 attempted but unsuccessful attacks were reported. Piracy is also apparently a growing concern for Southern Africa with numerous attempted attacks occuring off the coast of Tanzania and north of Madagascar. Such trends have global energy supply implications given that “six million tons of oil are transported around South Africa’s western coastline every month” as well as regional energy production implications.

Italian tanker Anema e Core seized by pirates off Benin
24 July 2011
Pirates have hijacked an Italian diesel tanker off Benin in western Africa in an attack of the kind more usually associated with Somalia.
Assailants boarded the RBD Anema e Core early on Sunday in the Gulf of Guinea, officials in Benin and Italy confirmed.
Two of the 23 crew are Italians, the others Filipinos and a Romanian.
Benin’s navy said it was following the hijacked ship while Italy’s foreign ministry liaised with its owner in Naples.
Three pirates managed to board the ship 23 nautical miles (43km) south of Cotonou, the economic capital of Benin, Italian media said.
“Everything is being done to trace the pirates as quickly as possible,” Maxime Ahoyo, commander of Benin’s navy, told reporters in Cotonou.
The Gulf of Guinea has become increasingly important for its potential energy reserves which have attracted international interests, BBC West Africa correspondent Thomas Fessy reports from Dakar.
The US, for example, hopes to import about a quarter of its oil supplies from the region by 2015.
West African coast guards have been receiving US training to combat growing maritime insecurity.
Most recent attacks on shipping around Africa have been off its east coast, where Somali pirates have ranged deep into the Indian Ocean, but the danger in the west was already identified several years ago.
Story here.
—————————————————————-
FACTBOX-Key political risks in the Gulf of Guinea
Tue Jul 5, 2011
By Richard Valdmanis
A stretch of West Africa’s coast spanning more than a dozen countries, the Gulf of Guinea is a growing source of oil, cocoa and metals to world markets.
But rising rates of piracy, drug smuggling, and political uncertainty in an area ravaged by civil wars and coups have made it a challenging destination for investors seeking to benefit from the massive resources.
The Gulf of Guinea runs from Guinea on Africa’s northwestern tip to Angola in the south and includes Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Cameroon.

(more…)

Job Tips: SAMI Member Companies And Their Career Pages

Filed under: Job Tips,Maritime Security — Tags: , , , — Matt @ 2:17 PM

Ok ladies and gentlemen, I figured this would be a good resource for anyone interested. What I have done is to take every company that is a member of SAMI, and list them with their career sections.

The reason why I wanted to do this, is to direct applicants towards companies that actually care enough to sign on to a code of conduct and standard.  The list below is a very interesting mix of international companies, and you will recognize a couple from my last survey. The cool thing with this list, is these are actual maritime security companies or security companies, that have been approved by SAMI. This is also a big hint to clients of these companies, that you should direct your complaints to SAMI, to ensure quality is enforced.

The other cool thing about these companies, is that if you do gain employment with them, then you can direct your complaints to SAMI and demand that your company act in accordance to the codes and standards, or they get punished. SAMI is trying to promote itself as a group that can hold it’s members to a standard, and I thoroughly support this concept. I just hope they have the courage to do so.

Either way, I plan on making this a page up top so it is easy to get to. I can also modify, edit, and add more members up there. If you are the CEO or employee of one of the mentioned companies, and there is something incorrect or you would like to add something, just contact me or make a note in the comments section. You can do that here on this post, or on the page itself.

For those companies that are not SAMI members, let me know and I will put you down in the categories section ‘Private Naval Companies’ below, if you are not there already. Although I do reserve the right to ‘not include’ certain companies in either sections. I will probably be removing SAMI companies, and others as time goes by, just because if the word get’s out that you do not take care of your people, or that you have provided poor and reckless service to clients, then your company will not get promoted on this blog. –Matt

The SAMI List

Aspida (Greece)
www.aspida.org
Aspida is constantly looking for high caliber security professionals for deployment as part of our onboard security teams.
The ideal applicants should have a career in the special forces, be fluent in English and have a sincere love for ships and the sea.
If you are interested in a career at a company where skills, achievements and loyalty are highly valued and professional advancement is defined by meritocracy please send us your CV in English along with army discharge papers and training certificates to hr@aspida.org
—————————————————————
Atlas Inc. (UK)
www.atlasinc.co.uk
We require the minimum following qualifications before an applicant is considered by ATLAS. Military service discharge papers checked (for correct Military discharge).
ISPS Ships Security Officer Qualification.
STCW95 (Seafarers Training, Certification and Watchkeepers code 4 Part module, Fire Fighting, Elementry First Aid, Sea Survival Safety, Personal Safety and Social Responsibility.
ENG1 Medical qualified.
CV, reference check and interview.
info@atlasinc.co.uk

(more…)

Monday, July 25, 2011

History: The Privateers Of The Texas Revolution

This is some cool history that yet again, you just don’t hear about. I had no idea about this history, and after reading about it, I tried to collect as much as I could that talked about this little known subject. Just to set this up, here is an excerpt from wikipedia about what led up to this revolution or war of independence between Texas settlers and Mexico:

The Texas Revolution or Texas War of Independence was a military conflict between Mexico and settlers in the Texas portion of the Mexican state Coahuila y Tejas. The war lasted from October 2, 1835 to April 21, 1836. However, a war at sea between Mexico and Texas would continue into the 1840s. Animosity between the Mexican government and the American settlers in Texas, as well as many Texas residents of Mexican ancestry, began with the Siete Leyes of 1835, when Mexican President and General Antonio López de Santa Anna abolished the federal Constitution of 1824 and proclaimed the more centralizing 1835 constitution in its place.
The new laws were unpopular throughout Mexico, leading to violence in several states. War began in Texas on October 2, 1835, with the Battle of Gonzales. Early Texian Army successes at La Bahia and San Antonio were soon met with crushing defeat at the same locations a few months later. The war ended at the Battle of San Jacinto where General Sam Houston led the Texian Army to victory over a portion of the Mexican Army under Santa Anna, who was captured shortly after the battle. The conclusion of the war resulted in the creation of the Republic of Texas in 1836.

So I guess the thing that I wanted talk about with this particular piece of history, is the fact that privateering was the first act of the provisional government of Texas. They did not have a navy, so privateers was a quick and easy want to fire up a navy and put some money into the treasury by means of a prize court.  Unfortunately at that time, Mexican commerce in the Gulf of Mexico was not that great, and thus a privateer industry or offense industry did not have the necessary elements to flourish.

It is also important to note that if Texas was not part of the US at the time, then this would be an example of another ‘country’ using the LoM.  I could be wrong there, but I just do not know how to legally classify Texas at that time period?  But either way, this is an example of a fledgling and resource strapped government, firing up the Letter of Marque as just one tool in their fight.

On a side note, the provisional government also handed out land to any soldiers who would fight for Texas Independence.  This is an interesting concept, and I wonder if Somalia could do something similar?  Hell, the TFG could fire up the LoM as well, and grant these licenses to foreign or local privateers to go after pirates on water and land.  Meaning, if a company could seize by force the wealth of the pirate investors or pirates themselves, then that company would split that prize with the TFG.  That puts money into the treasury of the TFG, it provides financial incentive to the privateer companies,  and it creates an offense industry that profits from piracy’s destruction. To really fire it up, they could offer pirates amnesty if they become privateers for the government. Call it the Woodes Rogers solution. lol.

Either way, check it out and let me know what you think.  I think that flag below would be a cool morale patch for today’s maritime security bunch too.  And I know that Texas is not ‘legally’ authorized to grant LoM’s at this present time, but imagine if they were? That they created an offense industry to deal with the asset rich cartels that operate along the borders? Now that would be something else. –Matt 

 

The flag that Texas Privateers were required to fly on their vessels.

Texas Privateers

(From the Texas State Library and Archives Commission)
Revolution broke out in earnest in Texas in October 1835 with the seizure of the Mexican cannon at Gonzales and the beginning of the Siege of Bexar. As these events unfolded, the Consultation, the first revolutionary assembly of Texas, came together in San Felipe on November 3, 1835. One of its first acts was to consider the protection of the Texas coast. It was impossible to create a Navy overnight, so the Texans adopted the time-honored practice of issuing letters of marque and reprisal to privateers. These privately owned war ships would protect the coast, harass Mexican shipping, and bring in prizes that could be auctioned off, with part of the proceeds going into the public treasury.
Texas issued a total of six letters of marque to privateers, including the San Felipe, the William Robbins, the Terrible, the Thomas Toby, the Flash, and the Ocean. Flying the “1824” Texas Revolutionary flag, these ships not only patrolled the Gulf, but also pursued Mexican shipping on the high seas. The Thomas Toby was the outstanding privateer of the group, capturing several Mexican vessels and bringing them back to be adjudicated and their contents sold. Overall, though, the privateering effort was disappointing for Texas. Mexican shipping was not considered rich trade, so relatively few privateers were willing to take the risk.

(more…)

Letter Of Marque: California Law Review–Structuring A Sustainable Letters Of Marque Regime, By Todd Emerson Hutchins

Excellent paper and I recommend checking out the whole thing with the provided link below. The section that I was particularly interested in is the International Law portion. I continue to hear arguments against the Letter of Marque, and no one really has a firm legal foundation for their argument. Or at least that’s what it seems to me. It is just assumed or the ‘opinio juris’ is that issuing Letters of Marque is a no go, and this paper clearly identifies the counter argument to this belief.

So that is why I posted this, and I hope that the legal counsels of countries that are looking for arguments for firing up their LoM or introducing legislation for such a thing, will have some resource to draw from. And what is really nice with legal papers like this, is they are heavily sourced and footnoted, just so they can back up their arguments. The footnotes alone are worth reading, just because they indicate how much the LoM has been talked about in legal circles. Lot’s of opinions, and this is a good collection of them.

In this particular section I posted below, the author identifies two reasons why states believe they are prohibited from privateering and issuing letters of marque, based on their interpretation of the Declaration of Paris and of International Law. One is opinio juris and the other is state practice that influences this interpretation.

State practice refers to “consistent conduct,” while opinio juris means States follow the rule out of “belief” that they are legally obligated to behave in a certain manner.

One of the reasons why I started the Letter of Marque category is to remind states of the practice of privateering, and to remind those who are establishing a legal basis for the act, that countries like the US have a history of consistent conduct when using privateers(it was used in multiple conflicts). And because the US is not a signatory of the Declaration of Paris, then that is interpreted as an ‘objection’ to banning the practice.  This is key if you are to prove a state’s ‘belief’, and the fact that the LoM still exists in the US’s most cherished legal document called the Constitution, then we can certainly deduct the US ‘opinio juris’.

The author made this legal argument very well. So if the US could care less about the Declaration of Paris, then why do these other countries continue to hang on to a ‘belief’ that they have to abide by this document? Especially as their navies continue to be downgraded by reduced budgets, or those navies get over extended with other commitments. And especially as piracy is attacking the very life blood of these countries or commerce. National interest should be focused on doing whatever it takes to stop this, and the LoM is just one tool to help with that endeavor.

Finally, I would like to also point out the fact that this was written by a ‘naval Surface Warfare Officer’ and  a ‘Judge Advocate student at the Naval Justice School in Newport, R.I’. That indicates to me a paper influenced by naval military history and thought, and the legalities behind implementing the LoM in modern times. It is also a paper that can show the way for how to implement the LoM to help in the war against today’s virus called piracy.  Very cool and check it out. –Matt

Structuring a Sustainable Letters of Marque Regime: How Commissioning Privateers Can Defeat the Somali Pirates
Lieutenant Todd Emerson Hutchins
June 9, 2011
(this is just one section of the paper)
THE PRESENT STATE OF LETTERS OF MARQUE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE
Many contemporary international law scholars contend that the Paris Declaration “by formal accession or tacit acceptance by all the powers [has become] an established part of the general body of [customary] international law.”273 Proponents of a broad prohibition on privateering allege that customary international law has formed since the Paris Declaration. “[I]nternational custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law” is recognized as a source of international law under Article 38 of the International Court of Justice Statute.274 It “consists of rules of law derived from the consistent conduct of States acting out of the belief that the law required them to act that way.”275 The two key elements are state practice and opinio juris.276  State practice refers to “consistent conduct,” while opinio juris means States follow the rule out of “belief” that they are legally obligated to behave in a certain manner.277 Admittedly, the distinction is frustrating “because it is difficult to determine what states believe as opposed to what they say.”278

(more…)

Sunday, July 24, 2011

Publications: Contractor Support Of USCENTCOM AOR, 3rd Quarter FY 2011

Filed under: Afghanistan,Iraq,Publications — Tags: , , , — Matt @ 12:40 AM

Contractor Support Of USCENTCOM AOR, 3rd Quarter FY 2011

« Newer PostsOlder Posts »

Powered by WordPress