Thanks to Doug for sending me this article. I posted the Long War Journal article about the ‘flying IED’ a couple of weeks ago and it sounds like it’s use is not a fluke. So I decided to delve further into the history of these improvised munitions, and it looks like the IRA used to call these things a ‘barrack buster’. But like the Post article mentions, this weapon is rocket assisted, and not explosively launched like the barrack buster. I am sure that the IRA and the FARC have fooled around with rockets on these things before.
Now the question I have is where are these 107 mm rocket motors coming from? Some say from Iran, and some say these engines were taken out of old ammo supply depots littered throughout Iraq. A lot of these depots were vulnerable to looting back in 2003 after the invasion. And we also bombed a lot of these depots, which made getting through fences and bunkers a little easier for the locals. Luckily we have been working hard over the years to secure these sites and clean them up, but it is a massive and ongoing effort. Or the other idea is that they are making homemade engines out of the tubes of fired 107 mm rockets .
I posted a video of Hezbollah in Gaza building a rocket and it’s engine from scratch. I do not doubt that technologies and techniques are being passed freely via the internet or otherwise. Our enemies are very good at building ‘snow mobiles’ , to use a Colonel John Boyd phrase, when it comes to making munitions.
So how do you defeat this? I have to say that the limiting factor of this system is range. So patrols should be focusing on the area around bases up to the maximum range. It looks like they also want to put these things on trucks with open truck beds. And I say if propane tanks are a common theme in these weapons, then they must be controlled. Like with a weapon, maybe licenses should be distributed coupled with biometrics ID to track the movement and sales of propane tanks. If this continues to be a problem, then all and any solutions must be considered.
As for defenses, roofs definitely need to be reinforced. This is a top down weapon, with IED power. But it is also very inaccurate. If you look at it’s deployment, they like using clusters of this weapon. So another thing that they are trying to achieve is blanketing an area with these things. So markets or places where a lot of soldiers gather would be the easiest and best targets for these weapons. So patrols should be focused on IRAMs that are within range of these types of areas. I have no doubt that the Coalition is formulating a plan for these things, and so are the Private Security Companies tasked with static security at the various bases. The IRAM is just one more thing to consider. –Matt
An IRA’s ASU (Active Service Unit) displaying a Mark-10 mortar in a propaganda video (1994).
U.S. troops in Iraq face a powerful new weapon
Use of rocket-propelled bombs spreads; at least 21 killed in IRAM attacks
By Ernesto Londoño
July 10, 2008
Suspected Shiite militiamen have begun using powerful rocket-propelled bombs to attack U.S. military outposts in recent months, broadening the array of weapons used against American troops.
U.S. military officials call the devices Improvised Rocket Assisted Munitions, or IRAMs. They are propane tanks packed with hundreds of pounds of explosives and powered by 107mm rockets. They are often fired by remote control from the backs of trucks, sometimes in close succession. Rocket-propelled bombs have killed at least 21 people, including at least three U.S. soldiers, this year.
The latest reported rocket-propelled bomb attack occurred Tuesday at Joint Security Station Ur, a base in northeastern Baghdad shared by U.S. and Iraqi soldiers. One U.S. soldier and an interpreter were wounded in the attack.
U.S. military officials say IRAM attacks, unlike roadside bombings and conventional mortar or rocket attacks, have the potential to kill scores of soldiers at once. IRAMs are fired at close range, unlike most rockets, and create much larger explosions. Most such attacks have occurred in the capital, Baghdad.
‘Flying IEDs’
The use of the rocket-propelled bombs reflects militiamen’s ability to use commonly available materials and relatively low-tech weaponry to circumvent security measures that have cost the U.S. military billions of dollars. To combat roadside bombs, known as improvised explosive devices or IEDs, U.S. and Iraqi troops have set up scores of checkpoints throughout the capital, increased patrols and purchased hundreds of armored vehicles that can resist such attacks.
A June report on the Web site Long War Journal called the explosives-filled propane tanks “flying IEDs.”
Militia members and insurgents have at times increased the sophistication of their weapons, but the rocket-propelled bombs are makeshift devices that also have been used in recent years by insurgents in Colombia. Propane tanks are ubiquitous in Iraq, where the fuel is widely used for cooking, making it hard for security forces to stop production of the bombs.
U.S. military officials in Baghdad have noted the use of rocket-propelled bombs in press releases in recent months. But they have not publicly discussed their use or their concerns about the weapons at length because most of the information about them is classified, U.S. military officials said.
“IRAM attacks could be very tragic against us,” said Col. William B. Hickman, the commander of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the 101st Airborne Division, which operates in northwestern Baghdad. “We take them very seriously.”
As the number of U.S. soldiers in Baghdad has begun to drop with the end of the “surge” of additional forces, U.S. military officials are placing a higher percentage of their troops in small outposts in densely populated neighborhoods. U.S. military officials say this is crucial to ensure the continued training of Iraq’s security forces, win the trust of the capital’s residents and improve local governance. But deployments in small outposts — some are manned by just one platoon — also have made soldiers more vulnerable.
To counter the threat posed by rocket-propelled bombs, soldiers have stepped up patrols around outposts, fortified their buildings and offered tens of thousands of dollars for information about networks that use the weapon.
Iranian links?
The weapon first emerged as a threat here last fall and has become a top concern in recent months following a series of deadly attacks.
Most such attacks have been carried out during the day and some have been videotaped and aired on the satellite television station operated by Hezbollah, a Lebanese militia and political movement. U.S. military officials said they have found Iranian-made 107mm rockets at some of the blast sites, which they said suggests the weapons — or parts — may have come from Iran.
The deadliest reported rocket-propelled bomb attack occurred June 4 in the Shaab neighborhood of eastern Baghdad. U.S. soldiers stationed at a small base called Forward Operating Base Callahan heard a series of blasts shortly after 2 p.m.
The explosions were caused when a rocket on the back of a small flatbed truck exploded, igniting the other four to five IRAMs on the truck, the U.S. military said. The attack killed 18 Iraqis, wounded 29 and damaged 15 buildings, the military said.
“It is believed that the intended targets were U.S. soldiers at FOB Callahan and while in the final stages for the attack, for an unknown reason one rocket prematurely detonated causing the remaining rockets to explode erratically,” the military said in a statement.
‘Special groups’
U.S. military officials said two suspected assailants were killed in the attack, describing them as members of “special groups” or Iranian-backed Shiite militias.
The second-deadliest attack occurred April 28 at Forward Operating Base Loyalty in eastern Baghdad. The attack, which took place shortly after 1 p.m., killed three soldiers. Militiamen fired 14 rocket-propelled bombs from the back of a cargo truck.
That same day, Joint Security Station Thawra, the U.S. military’s only outpost in Sadr City, in eastern Baghdad, was also attacked with rocket-propelled bombs.
A man walked into an office at the station where Iraqis can file claims for compensation, and told soldiers of a U.S. military civil affairs unit that his truck had sustained damage during recent clashes between American troops and militiamen, according to two U.S. military officials who described the attack, speaking on the condition of anonymity because the information has not been publicly released.
The soldiers told the man to drive his truck close to the station so they could inspect it. The man pulled up in a small delivery truck containing eight IRAM launch tubes. The station was attacked soon afterward. At least 15 soldiers were wounded.
Although most rocket-propelled bomb attacks have taken place in eastern Baghdad, a joint security station in northern Hurriya, western Baghdad, was targeted last month.
On June 24, at approximately 3 p.m., a man walked up to the gate of the base and told soldiers, “You have a truck over there that goes boom,” according to Capt. Jeremy Ussery, a company commander with the 101st Airborne Division’s 1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment.
$50,000 reward
When soldiers inspected the truck, they realized an attempt to ignite nine IRAMs, with roughly 200 pounds of explosives apiece, had been unsuccessful.
“Just think of what could have happened,” Ussery said. “Eighteen hundred pounds of explosives dispersed over this JSS.”
The battalion approved a $50,000 reward for information on the attack and soldiers have handed out fliers to residents seeking tips. Ussery said the battalion typically offers rewards in the $10,000 range for “high value individuals,” or prominent wanted militiamen.
The amount offered for information on the IRAM attack “is a very large reward,” he said. “It’s a small price to pay.”
Staff writer Josh White contributed to this report from Washington.
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Barrack buster
From Wikipedia
Barrack buster is the colloquial name given to several improvised mortars, developed in the 1990s by the engineering group of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
The first barrack buster – known to the British security forces as the Mark 15 mortar – consisted of a 1 meter long metal propane cylinder with a diameter of 36 cm that contained around 70 kg of home-made explosives and with a trajectory between 75 and 275 m. The cylinder is an adaptation of a commercial ‘Kosangas’ gas cylinder for heating and cooking gas used in rural areas in Ireland and Northern Ireland.
It was first used in an attack on 5 December 1992 against a RUC station in Ballygawley, Co. Tyrone, in Northern Ireland.
Use by other groups
These mortars have also been appropriated by other political militants using terrorist tactics. These mortars have been used by the Real IRA in the 2000s which also developed their own fusing system for the mortars. Furthermore, what appears to be a similar or identical mortar technology has also been used since 1998 by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the ETA in Spain was in 2001 rumored to have built mortars “very similar” to the IRA’s. The possible transfer of this mortar technology to the FARC was a central issue in the arrest in August 2001 and later trial of the so called Colombia Three group of IRA members that were alleged by Colombian authorities and by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations to have trained FARC in the manufacture and use of this mortar technology.